Causes:

• Inflammatory bowel disease and Diabetes
• Occur due to the obstruction of anal crypts
• Infection of the static glandular secretions results in suppuration and abscess formation within the anal gland
• Poor hygienic conditions
• Frequent diarrhea
• Decreased immunity
• Foreign bodies, Injuries, Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus species, and Bacteroides species, Parasites and recurrent abcess formations

Symptoms:

• Pain
• Redness
• Increased temperature in and surrounding area
• Swelling
• Extensive regional tissue death

Tests and Diagnosis

• Complete blood count for elevation of white blood cells, a check for diabetes and other infections
• Ultrasound, CT scan and MRI for confirmation and extension of the tracts
• Digital examination under anaesthesia
• Endoscopic visualization of the sinus tract
• Culture and sensitivity of the pus for antibiotic use and sensitivity

Treatment:

• Incision and drainage of the abcess and removal of foreign particles if any
• Primary closure of the drained tract with antiseptic and bandage
• Antibiotics: flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin or clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and Analgesics for pain relief
• Recurrent infections: Recurrent abscesses are often caused by community-acquired resistant organisms causing the abcess so clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , and doxycycline are used as alternative antibiotics
• Nasal mupirocin twice daily 5 days a month for 1 year
• Chlorhexidine baths and hot packages
• Magnesium sulfate paste is best applied at night with a sterile dressing covering it.