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What Are The Symptoms,complications And Treatment For GERD,Hypothyroidism, Arthritis,Skin CA And Bone Marrow Disorder?
Question: Hi Again,
I have a 96 years old patient, male, admitted due to general weakness. The diagnosis is CHF. What I need are the pathopysiology, sign and symptoms, complications and treatment of the following diseases. It should be written in layman's term.
1. General weakness
2. CHF - Addition: Could you discuss with me clearly why there is peripheral edema and pulmonary edema in CHF?
Past medical history
1. Anemia
2.GERD (this stands for what?)
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Arthritis
5. Skin CA
6. Bone Marrow disorder
I will attached the example so you can have a guide.
Another thing is the medication. I will attached the example. Again, it should be in Layman's term that patient can understand when you explain it to them.
1. allopurinol (Zyloprim) 100 mg= 1 tab p. o.
2. Calcium elemental tab (Oscal) 500 mg = 1 tab
3. citalopram tab (celexa) 10 mg = 1 tab p. o. daily
4. dabigatran (Pradaxa) cap 110 mg = 1 cap oral Q12H
5. folic acid 5 mg= 1 tab oral daily
6. vitamin D (cholecalciferol) tab 2000 unit = 2 tab oral daily
7. anethole-menthol lozenge (Bentasil) 1 to 2 loz oral four times a day PRN. lozenge to be sucked slowly'
8. gabapentin cap (Neurontin) 100 mg / cap p. o.
9. levothyroxine 9Synthroid) 88 mcg/tab p. o. daily
10. potassium chloride tab SR (KDur) 1500 mg / tab twice a day for 3 days
11. vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 1000 mcg=2 tab oral daily
12. vitamin D (cholecalciferol) tab 2000 unit = 2 tab oral daily
General weakness, CHF and the past medical history should have a pathophysiology and .................Total of 8 diseases
Brief Answer:
CHF explained
Detailed Answer:
Hello,
I have read your query. It seems like a query of academic interest. I would try to help you to the best of my knowledge, and answer all your queries.
Pathophysiology of CHF is important. I shall explain it in layman's term. Hope you would be able to understand.
The basic pathology in CHF is that the heart is unable to pump blood at the optimal rate. There is a decrease in its power to contract. It does not beat as normally as it should be. It does not supply adequate oxygen and blood to body tissues.
1. General weakness - Why is there general weakness? This is because all the body tissues are receiving less blood and less oxygen because of failing heart. Hence the general weakness - common symptom of CHF.
2. CHF - Addition: Could you discuss with me clearly why there is peripheral edema and pulmonary edema in CHF?
Peripheral oedema - this is because the venous or impure blood is not pumped back to the heart effectively. The blood remains in the legs. Also, there is inadequate lymphatic or body fluids drainage as well leading to accumulation of fluids in the periphery and hence the swelling or edema.
2.GERD (this stands for what?) - GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease. A condition of the stomach with heartburn and indigestion and bloating.
1. allopurinol (Zyloprim) 100 mg= 1 tab p. o. This is used in hypermetabolic state to decrease serum uric acid level like in Gout, leukemia, etc. These are biochemical terms, difficult to explain in layman's term.
2. Calcium elemental tab (Oscal) 500 mg = 1 tab - This is calcium used routinely to prevent osteoporosis.
3. citalopram tab (celexa) 10 mg = 1 tab p. o. daily - It is an anti-depression medicine used to treat depression.
4. dabigatran (Pradaxa) cap 110 mg = 1 cap oral Q12H - A blood thinning medicine used in non-valvular Atrial fibrillation. It is used to prevent clot formation.
5. folic acid 5 mg= 1 tab oral daily - A vitamin that is important for metabolism, given routinely.
6. vitamin D (cholecalciferol) tab 2000 unit = 2 tab oral daily - To prevent osteoporosis.
7. anethole-menthol lozenge (Bentasil) 1 to 2 loz oral four times a day PRN. lozenge to be sucked slowly' - A topical anesthetic used for sore throat, painful mouth ulcers.
8. gabapentin cap (Neurontin) 100 mg / cap p. o. - it is to strengthen the nerves.
9. levothyroxine 9Synthroid) 88 mcg/tab p. o. daily - To treat low functioning thyroid.
10. potassium chloride tab SR (KDur) 1500 mg / tab twice a day for 3 days - used in low potassium states.
11. vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 1000 mcg=2 tab oral daily - used for nerve strengthening and low B12 levels.
12. vitamin D (cholecalciferol) tab 2000 unit = 2 tab oral daily - you have repeated this medicine twice.
This is general view of what you are expecting. Please let me know your specific queries, would be glad to discuss further.
Regards,
Above answer was peer-reviewed by :
Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
Hi,
Dr. XXXXXXX Chail of health care magic answered the query that I have yesterday. And this is what exactly is .
I needed the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, complications and treatment of the diagnosis and past medical history of the patient. It should be in layman's terms and short in answer. This is the case of my assigned patient.
1. General weakness
2. Skin Cancer
3. Bone Marrow disorder
4. Arthritis
5. GERD
Thanks
Brief Answer:
detailed below
Detailed Answer:
Hello,
General weakness is a symptom by itself. There is no pathophysiology for it. OR you can say that this is a symptom, and can be because of various reasons.
Skin cancer - pathophysiology is many like exposure to UV rays, chronic photodermatitis, chronic irritation of skin by chemicals, irritants. Signs and symptoms - present as a swelling or growth on skin, usually non-painful, increases in size or remains stationary.. Complications - spread to other areas. treatment - excision and Radiotherapy for some skin cancers.
Bone marrow disorder - there are many of them. Which bone marrow disorder is your patient with?
Arthritis - can be age related. It is inflammation of the joints, presents as pain and swelling in joints, complications - fracture, treatment - calcium and vitamin D supplementation, surgical replacement of joint.
GERD - disease of the stomach where the acid reflux happens to lower eosophagus. causes heart burn, bloating, indigestion. Complications - ulcers, perforation. treatment - proton pump inhibitors.
Hope this helps.
Above answer was peer-reviewed by :
Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
It just says that he has bone marrow disorder
Brief Answer:
it can be hypoplasia/aplasia/hyperplasia
Detailed Answer:
Hello,
The bone marrow disorder can be hypoplasia- less number of cells in the marrow, aplasia - no cells at all in the marrow, hyperplasia - more cells in the marrow. Accordingly, it can present with low blood counts, absent blood cells or increased blood cells or leukemia in the blood test.
Other special bone marrow disorders like Multiple myeloma exists as well.
Regards,
Above answer was peer-reviewed by :
Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
Thank you so much.
Brief Answer:
you are welcome
Detailed Answer:
Take care!
Above answer was peer-reviewed by :
Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
By the way, what is the complications and treatment for Bone marrow disorder
Brief Answer:
immunosuppression and bone marrow transplant
Detailed Answer:
Hello,
Complication - Immunosuppression, infections.
Treatment - Bone marrow transplant.
Above answer was peer-reviewed by :
Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
signs and symptoms of bone marrow disorder
Brief Answer:
detailed below
Detailed Answer:
Symptoms - fatigue, bleeding tendencies, bone pain, anemia, infections.
Signs - pallor, low counts of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets on Complete blood count, increased susceptibility to infections, increased heart rate.
Regards,
Note: For further follow up on related General & Family Physician Click here.
Above answer was peer-reviewed by :
Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
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