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What Causes High TSH Levels With History Of Thyroid Lobectomy?

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Posted on Tue, 18 Nov 2014
Question: Hi Dr.: I had a thyroid lobectomy 10 years ago with subsequent unremarkable PET/CT scans. Current TSH uIU/mL 4.91; Free T4 .81; Free T3 2.56 pg/mL. No physical symptoms of hypothyroidism and not feeling tired. My GP Dr. strongly wants 100 micrograms of Synthroid to start before seeing an endorcrinologist (long wait). Is high TSH normal with part of one's thyroid in place? Given normal level of actual thyroid hormones in the blood - who cares about the TSH? Getting regular ultrasounds of neck and remaining thyroid to monitor health. Clinical studies on suppressing TSH are mixed at best re minimizing risk of recurrence or mutation. Your view please?
doctor
Answered by Dr. Shehzad Topiwala (8 hours later)
Brief Answer:
Thyroid

Detailed Answer:
Management of thyroid nodules and cancer, and post surgery for these conditions can be complex. Endocrinologists are best qualified and trained to handle this.
I see there is a long wait to see one though.

You seem to be suggesting your thyroid lobe was removed 10 years ago, because there was cancer. Would you recall which type of cancer it was.......Papillary, Follicular or another type? Also what was the size of the cancerous nodule in that lobe?

Generally, when Papillary/Follicular thyroid cancers are subjected to lobectomy, they are less than 1 cm in size with no local spread to lymph nodes. In such instances, suppression of TSH with higher than usual doses of Levo thyroxine (of which Synthroid is one brand name) are given for a few years after which the patient is presumed cured, provided periodic ultrasound examinations show no nodule(s) in the remainder of the thyroid.

It seems here levo thyroxine was not offered to you. Perhaps you did not have thyroid cancer then in the first place?
In any event, management approaches are individualized in many cases and only an endocrinologist who has the opportunity to see you in person and follow you over several years can make the best treatment plan for you.

Regarding the current situation of a high normal TSH with normal thyroid hormone levels, this is what I would do if I saw someone in my practice with your profile:
I would recommend blood tests for thyroid auto antibodies: anti TPO and anti Thyroglobulin.
If even one of these is positive you likely have 'Primary Acquired Mild/Subclinical Seropositive Permanent Hypothyroidism due to Chronic Hashimoto's Thyroiditis'. This long term simply means you have a mildly under active thyroid that may not necessitate treatment right away but authorities in the field have described several specific circumstances where treatment with levo thyroxine (25 to 75 mcg) can be offered if one or more of the following conditions are present:

1 (I will skip the conditions applicable to women, because you are male)

2 Neck swelling ('Goiter')

3 Positive thyroid auto antibodies

4 Compelling symptoms of hypothyroidism (which you say you dont have)

5 Heart failure

6 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease (ie blockages in arteries of the heart/brain or legs from plaque build up), or risk factors for this to develop

Latest guidelines suggest treatment with levothyroxine should be considered for these select situations.

Further if thyroid antibodies are negative, I typically advise my patients to recheck in 2 months to see if the condition normalizes of its own accord because there is a condition called transient (temporary) thyroiditis that results in spontaneous recovery, and does not require any treatment.

In individuals older than 50, especially with heart disease it is advisable to start with low doses such as 12.5 to 25 mcg of levo thyroxine


Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Shehzad Topiwala (37 minutes later)
Dear Dr.:

Thanks for the clear and comprehensive reply - I value that. I had a 2 cm papillary cancer, well-formed, with pre and post lobectomy PET/CTs (one several years after removal) negative for metastasis. TPO and thyroglobulin antibody tests done in last few days showing normal at 1 and < 1 respectively; as well as thyroglobulin level at 10.8.

I opted for the lobectomy and no treatment with radioactive iodine or TSH suppression as was recommended by the physicians - on the basis of the PET/CTs and given that thyriod cancer is treatable with radioactive iodine - I had a second chance at treatment if cancer emerged again. Also want to retain some natural thyriod hormone if possible.

I will opt as you suggest to re-test in a few months...and see the endocrinololgist.

Warm Regards,

XXXXXXX
doctor
Answered by Dr. Shehzad Topiwala (12 hours later)
Brief Answer:
Follow up

Detailed Answer:
I see.

Thyroglobulin levels have no value in monitoring your thyroid cancer if you have one lobe intact and intentionally left behind.

What you have opted to do is something the latest guidelines are tending towards. New thyroid cancer management guidelines from the ATA (American Thyroid Association) are expected before the end of the year. I have preliminarily reviewed the recommendations and they seem to echo your approach.

I must say I am impressed that as a non-expert you made these tough decisions.
Note: For more information on hormonal imbalance symptoms or unmanaged diabetes with other comorbid conditions, get back to us & Consult with an Endocrinologist. Click here to book an appointment.

Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
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Answered by
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Dr. Shehzad Topiwala

Endocrinologist

Practicing since :2001

Answered : 1663 Questions

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What Causes High TSH Levels With History Of Thyroid Lobectomy?

Brief Answer: Thyroid Detailed Answer: Management of thyroid nodules and cancer, and post surgery for these conditions can be complex. Endocrinologists are best qualified and trained to handle this. I see there is a long wait to see one though. You seem to be suggesting your thyroid lobe was removed 10 years ago, because there was cancer. Would you recall which type of cancer it was.......Papillary, Follicular or another type? Also what was the size of the cancerous nodule in that lobe? Generally, when Papillary/Follicular thyroid cancers are subjected to lobectomy, they are less than 1 cm in size with no local spread to lymph nodes. In such instances, suppression of TSH with higher than usual doses of Levo thyroxine (of which Synthroid is one brand name) are given for a few years after which the patient is presumed cured, provided periodic ultrasound examinations show no nodule(s) in the remainder of the thyroid. It seems here levo thyroxine was not offered to you. Perhaps you did not have thyroid cancer then in the first place? In any event, management approaches are individualized in many cases and only an endocrinologist who has the opportunity to see you in person and follow you over several years can make the best treatment plan for you. Regarding the current situation of a high normal TSH with normal thyroid hormone levels, this is what I would do if I saw someone in my practice with your profile: I would recommend blood tests for thyroid auto antibodies: anti TPO and anti Thyroglobulin. If even one of these is positive you likely have 'Primary Acquired Mild/Subclinical Seropositive Permanent Hypothyroidism due to Chronic Hashimoto's Thyroiditis'. This long term simply means you have a mildly under active thyroid that may not necessitate treatment right away but authorities in the field have described several specific circumstances where treatment with levo thyroxine (25 to 75 mcg) can be offered if one or more of the following conditions are present: 1 (I will skip the conditions applicable to women, because you are male) 2 Neck swelling ('Goiter') 3 Positive thyroid auto antibodies 4 Compelling symptoms of hypothyroidism (which you say you dont have) 5 Heart failure 6 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease (ie blockages in arteries of the heart/brain or legs from plaque build up), or risk factors for this to develop Latest guidelines suggest treatment with levothyroxine should be considered for these select situations. Further if thyroid antibodies are negative, I typically advise my patients to recheck in 2 months to see if the condition normalizes of its own accord because there is a condition called transient (temporary) thyroiditis that results in spontaneous recovery, and does not require any treatment. In individuals older than 50, especially with heart disease it is advisable to start with low doses such as 12.5 to 25 mcg of levo thyroxine