My wife (26 y/o, non-smoking, normal BMI) was on anovulatory for 2 years, suspected PCOS, not responded to Clomifene and was put on Gunal-F for 2 months when we were trying for a baby. One follicle matured after she was given an LH surge, but we did not conceive. This was four months ago. In the past couple of months she s had spotting/bleeding every two weeks or so which she attributed to her body trying to ovulate on its own. After 2 months of having spotting every couple of weeks, she went last week to her consultant who said that was cervical bleeding, and run a pap smear test. Results are only due in a week s time and she s very concerned about cervical cancer. 12 months ago HPV tests were borderline but smear test was negative. 1) what could be causing her cervical bleeding other than cervical cancer? 2) could it be connected to the infertility / rFSH injections? 3) in what % of patients does cervical cancer develop to an invasive stage within a 12-month period? many thanks in advance,a worried husband