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Is C Diff Infection Colitis Associated With Elevated ALT?

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Posted on Mon, 16 Jun 2014
Question: Is C Diff infection / colitis associated with elevated ALT?
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Answered by Dr. Shafi Ullah Khan (2 hours later)
Brief Answer:
ALT Raised but not specific,more specific tests

Detailed Answer:
Thank you for asking!
Clostridium difficile colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile, and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage.Mild to moderate watery diarrhea that is rarely bloody,Cramping abdominal pain,Anorexia and Malaise are the common presentations of clostridium Difficile colitis.
ALT is raised in C difficile but not specific for it as there are many conditions to almost every involving Gut where ALT rises, so not significant.also just a few weeks diarrhea does not mean it is C difficile before confirming it.there could be thousands of possibilities from inflammatory bowels to infections like vibrio shigellosis etc, diverticulitis, irritable bowels and gastroparesis. detailed lab work is required for it like
1) Complete blood count: Leukocytosis may be present
2)Electrolyte levels, including serum creatinine: Dehydration, anasarca, and electrolyte imbalance may accompany severe disease
3)Albumin levels: Hypoalbuminemia/decreased albumin may accompany severe disease
4)Serum lactate level: Lactate levels are generally elevated (≥5 mmol/L) in severe disease
5)Stool examination: Stool may be positive for blood in severe colitis, but grossly bloody stools are unusual; fecal leukocytes are present in about half of cases.
6)Stool culture: The most sensitive test (sensitivity, 90-100%; specificity, 84-100%), but the results are slow and may lead to a delay in the diagnosis if used alone
7)Glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme immunoassay (EIA): This is a very sensitive test (sensitivity, 85-100%; specificity, 87-98%); it detects the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase produced by C difficile
8)Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay: This test is an alternative gold standard to stool culture (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 97%); it may be used to detect the C difficile gene toxin
9)Stool cytotoxin test: A positive test result is the demonstration of a cytopathic effect that is neutralized by a specific antiserum (sensitivity, 70-100%; specificity, 90-100%)
10)EIA for detecting toxins A and B: This test is used in most laboratories (moderate sensitivity, 79-80%; excellent specificity, 98%)
11)Latex agglutination technique: Another means of detecting glutamate dehydrogenase; however, the sensitivity of this test is poor (48-59%), although the specificity is 95-96%
12)last but not the least abdominal CT and endoscopies for the bowel assessment.
Get to a gastroenterologist and let them decide what it is and how to manage it. Mean while soft and fibrous diet with fluids re hydration and rest is advised.Discuss the options of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation for C difficile if it comes up on diagnosis.
I hope it helps. Don't forget to close the discussion please.
Regards
S Khan
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Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
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Answered by
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Dr. Shafi Ullah Khan

General & Family Physician

Practicing since :2012

Answered : 3613 Questions

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Is C Diff Infection Colitis Associated With Elevated ALT?

Brief Answer: ALT Raised but not specific,more specific tests Detailed Answer: Thank you for asking! Clostridium difficile colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile, and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage.Mild to moderate watery diarrhea that is rarely bloody,Cramping abdominal pain,Anorexia and Malaise are the common presentations of clostridium Difficile colitis. ALT is raised in C difficile but not specific for it as there are many conditions to almost every involving Gut where ALT rises, so not significant.also just a few weeks diarrhea does not mean it is C difficile before confirming it.there could be thousands of possibilities from inflammatory bowels to infections like vibrio shigellosis etc, diverticulitis, irritable bowels and gastroparesis. detailed lab work is required for it like 1) Complete blood count: Leukocytosis may be present 2)Electrolyte levels, including serum creatinine: Dehydration, anasarca, and electrolyte imbalance may accompany severe disease 3)Albumin levels: Hypoalbuminemia/decreased albumin may accompany severe disease 4)Serum lactate level: Lactate levels are generally elevated (≥5 mmol/L) in severe disease 5)Stool examination: Stool may be positive for blood in severe colitis, but grossly bloody stools are unusual; fecal leukocytes are present in about half of cases. 6)Stool culture: The most sensitive test (sensitivity, 90-100%; specificity, 84-100%), but the results are slow and may lead to a delay in the diagnosis if used alone 7)Glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme immunoassay (EIA): This is a very sensitive test (sensitivity, 85-100%; specificity, 87-98%); it detects the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase produced by C difficile 8)Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay: This test is an alternative gold standard to stool culture (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 97%); it may be used to detect the C difficile gene toxin 9)Stool cytotoxin test: A positive test result is the demonstration of a cytopathic effect that is neutralized by a specific antiserum (sensitivity, 70-100%; specificity, 90-100%) 10)EIA for detecting toxins A and B: This test is used in most laboratories (moderate sensitivity, 79-80%; excellent specificity, 98%) 11)Latex agglutination technique: Another means of detecting glutamate dehydrogenase; however, the sensitivity of this test is poor (48-59%), although the specificity is 95-96% 12)last but not the least abdominal CT and endoscopies for the bowel assessment. Get to a gastroenterologist and let them decide what it is and how to manage it. Mean while soft and fibrous diet with fluids re hydration and rest is advised.Discuss the options of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation for C difficile if it comes up on diagnosis. I hope it helps. Don't forget to close the discussion please. Regards S Khan