Hi, Human spine is made of bones, nerves, blood vessels and soft tissue, ligaments and cartilage. Vertebrae joints to form the vertebral column through which spinal cord passes through. Nerves arise from the spinal cord and supply the distal parts of the body. Vertebra has anterior body and posterior bony arch consists of pedicles and laminae. Between the two vertebrae is the vertebral disc which acts as cushion and supports the movement of the spine. Spinal nerves exits the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen. In your report, there is bulging of the disc between the L4 and L5 vertebrae. But this bulge is not big enough to obstruct the spinal canal. Each vertebrae have joints with adjacent vertebra through the superior and inferior spinous processes. There is fluid collection in those joints. The neuroforamina through which the spinal nerves exit from the spinal canal is stenosed on both sides. At the L5-S1 level, there is disc bulge without obstructing the spinal canal. There is minimal obstruction of the neuroforamina on both sides. Take care. Hope I have answered your question. Let me know if I can assist you further. Regards, Dr. Pradeepraj, General & Family Physician