HealthCareMagic is now Ask A Doctor - 24x7 | https://www.askadoctor24x7.com

question-icon

What Causes Distal Muscle Weakness?

default
Posted on Mon, 13 Apr 2015
Question: Iam a 56 yr old female physician and a specialist
I have noticed distal muscle weakness of all the 20 fingers as well as wrist joints
Slowly this extended into the upper arm and now into the trapezius and upper latissimus dorsi muscles
Now I notice the same with the distal extensor muscles of both legs mainly in the foot and ankle
This weakness is not interfering with my daily activities, but Iam aware of the weak movements
I had a very mild borderline increase in create kinase in December when I had similar weakness associated with upper limb myalgia - of moderate degree

The follow up creative kinase is now normal and High sensitive CRP is normal
Short spurts of muscle contraction are ok. However ,Maintainance and prolonged muscle contraction produces weakness

Important : The metacarpophlyngeal joints of all fingers in both hands are stiff and slightly tender
This made me think that Iam dealing with some arthritis of the hands
The reflexes are ok
Past history - this weakness started 3 yr ago became very noticeable in the past 2 yrs
I have Hashimoto's thyroiditis well controlled with 0.75 micrograms of thyroid everyday
I have raised antinuclear antibodies
2 sisters and a brother has hashimotos
My mother suffered from polymyositis

The differentials Iam considering now are
1. Osteoarthritis and associated muscle weakness
2. Some sort of an age related sarcopenia
3. Myosotis of some sort early stages ? Polymyositis ,inclusion body myosotis and other vague forms?
4. Motor neurone disease?
5. Trace element/ micronutrient defficency

I know that a neurologist will advise more good tests like rheumatoid panel other autoimmune antibody profile, EMG and nerve conduction studies
But meanwhile.......
Based on my clinical history can you favour one of the diagnoses ?
A detailed reply is well appreciated

Thanks XXXXXXX



doctor
Answered by Dr. Olsi Taka (11 hours later)
Brief Answer:
Read below.

Detailed Answer:
Hello dear colleague. I read your question carefully and I thank you for the good presentation of the symptoms.

Osteoarthritis could cause the impression of weakness and if disuse of muscles some degree of atrophy. However the atrophy is not a typical fiinding and reading at your exchange with my other colleague, you say that you are very active so it's not that likely.

Age related sarcopenia, well that should be very gradual, not progressing over the course of 2-3 years, usually visible later than your age especially since you say to be pretty active.

Since from your description the distal muscles are involved first I don't think polymyositis is the cause as it has a proximal involvement and characteristically progresses over several months.

Looking at other causes of myopathies with a distal distribution, they are fairly rare and most of them are excluded in your case simply by your age as they are inherited forms with earlier appearance of manifestations. One form that could fit with your presentation is Welander Distal Myopathy which is a form of myopathy of unknown causes appearing after the age of 40 with distal involvement and could have a slow progression like your case. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance though so if no family history...
From other myopathies inclusion body myositis is a valid suggestion. That diagnoses comprises several subtypes with variable manifestations including distal predominance forms so it must be considered.

Motor neuron disease is also a possibility, but not that likely. From your description you have a symmetric bilateral distribution of weakness and atrophy. MND usually starts in one limb and distributes in an asymmetrical fashion. Also has other signs like fasciculations, cramps, abnormal reflexes etc which should have appeared during these 3 years.

As for nutrient deficiency or electrolyte alterations those are possible, but again don't explain the localized distal intitiation.

So from those diagnoses inclusion body myositis does fit more with your case, but as you know muscular disorders are very numerous and variable in presentation, often hard to diagnose, so as you are well aware more tests like EMG, biopsy, autoimmune blood panel will be necessary.

I remain at your disposal for further questions.
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
doctor
default
Follow up: Dr. Olsi Taka (52 minutes later)
Thank you for your detailed advise
1.Can u suggest the investigations I have to undergo?
Just a list

2. Can inclusion body myosotis involve proximal muscles?
And pl let me know the long term prognosis of this condition

Th ask XXXXXXX
doctor
Answered by Dr. Olsi Taka (2 hours later)
Brief Answer:
Read below.

Detailed Answer:
Well the obligatory test is the EMG. That could be followed by the muscle biopsy.

As for the blood tests, you have already done some of the basic ones: CPK, ANA, CRP, thyroid function. I assume a basic blood test like blood count, ESR has already been done as well as electrolytes (magnesium, calcium, phosphate). Other tests would include Vitamin D levels, at times serum protein electrophoresis.

So a list:

1.     EMG/NCS
2.     Muscle biopsy
3.     Complete blood count,
4.     ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
5.     ANA (antinuclear antibodies)
6.     RF (rheumatoid factor)
7.     Creatine kinase and aldolase
8.     Electrolytes
9.     Thyroid function tests
10.     Vitamin D level

Those are the basic initial tests for muscle disease. Afterwards it depends on their findings.
I know that you say your reflexes are normal, but I wouldn't exclude peripheral neuropathy so early anyway, not without a neurological exam by a neurologist anyway.

In answer to your second question, yes inclusion body myositis can involve proximal muscles as well.
As for the long term prognosis, progression is very slow over the years. It's hard to give numbers as there is wide variability between individuals according to age and subtype.

I hope to have been of help.
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
doctor
default
Follow up: Dr. Olsi Taka (4 hours later)
Thank you very much doctor
XXXXXXX
doctor
Answered by Dr. Olsi Taka (36 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
Thank you!

Detailed Answer:
Thank you for choosing this site!

I hope things work out for the best.
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Chakravarthy Mazumdar
doctor
Answered by
Dr.
Dr. Olsi Taka

Neurologist

Practicing since :2004

Answered : 3673 Questions

premium_optimized

The User accepted the expert's answer

Share on

Get personalised answers from verified doctor in minutes across 80+ specialties

159 Doctors Online

By proceeding, I accept the Terms and Conditions

HCM Blog Instant Access to Doctors
HCM Blog Questions Answered
HCM Blog Satisfaction
What Causes Distal Muscle Weakness?

Brief Answer: Read below. Detailed Answer: Hello dear colleague. I read your question carefully and I thank you for the good presentation of the symptoms. Osteoarthritis could cause the impression of weakness and if disuse of muscles some degree of atrophy. However the atrophy is not a typical fiinding and reading at your exchange with my other colleague, you say that you are very active so it's not that likely. Age related sarcopenia, well that should be very gradual, not progressing over the course of 2-3 years, usually visible later than your age especially since you say to be pretty active. Since from your description the distal muscles are involved first I don't think polymyositis is the cause as it has a proximal involvement and characteristically progresses over several months. Looking at other causes of myopathies with a distal distribution, they are fairly rare and most of them are excluded in your case simply by your age as they are inherited forms with earlier appearance of manifestations. One form that could fit with your presentation is Welander Distal Myopathy which is a form of myopathy of unknown causes appearing after the age of 40 with distal involvement and could have a slow progression like your case. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance though so if no family history... From other myopathies inclusion body myositis is a valid suggestion. That diagnoses comprises several subtypes with variable manifestations including distal predominance forms so it must be considered. Motor neuron disease is also a possibility, but not that likely. From your description you have a symmetric bilateral distribution of weakness and atrophy. MND usually starts in one limb and distributes in an asymmetrical fashion. Also has other signs like fasciculations, cramps, abnormal reflexes etc which should have appeared during these 3 years. As for nutrient deficiency or electrolyte alterations those are possible, but again don't explain the localized distal intitiation. So from those diagnoses inclusion body myositis does fit more with your case, but as you know muscular disorders are very numerous and variable in presentation, often hard to diagnose, so as you are well aware more tests like EMG, biopsy, autoimmune blood panel will be necessary. I remain at your disposal for further questions.