This is a bit confusing- you need to get more information and clarify what you are being told. PAH (pulmonary arterial hypertension or high pressure) can be caused by a variety of conditions, including congenital heart disease and numerous lung diseases. If he has had many pulmonary embolisms, this can create scar tissue in the lungs. This would then make it difficult for the heart to pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and could lead to elevated pressure in the pulmonary artery. Other lung conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis can do the same thing. The treatment of PAH is difficult. There are some medicines actually similar to low dose Viagra that can help. Controlling the underlying lung condition may help, but damage that has already occurred can t be repaired. Persistent PAH puts a lot of pressure on the right side of the heart and can eventually result in right heart failure. Congenital abnormalities can also cause PAH. Sometimes repair of the abnormalities can reduce the progression of this. I do not understand what they mean by soft tissue growing over his embolisms, nor am I aware of what kind of chest surgery will help this. Areas of lung damaged by the embolisms will develop scar tissue, but I can t see how surgery could help. It might simply cause further scarring. Are they talking about a lung or heart-lung transplant? This is the only major chest surgery I can think of applicable to the situation you are describing. You need to get more detailed information about the medical condition and other therapeutic options before any surgery is done. Hope this helps.