Hi,
When the body is infected with streptococci bacteria, it produces
antibodies against the various antigens that the streptococci produce. ASO is one such antibody.
Raised or rising levels can indicate past or present infection. Historically it was one of the first bacterial markers used for diagnosis and follow up of
rheumatic fever or
scarlet fever. Its importance in this regard has not diminished.
Since these antibodies are produced as a delayed antibody reaction to the above-mentioned bacteria, there is no normal value. The presence of these antibodies indicates an exposure to these bacteria.
However, as many people are exposed to these bacteria and remain asymptomatic, the mere presence of ASO does not indicate disease.
Where there is no clinical suspicion of
rheumatism the acceptable values, are Adults: less than 200 units.
Children: less than 400 units. This titre has a significance only if it is greatly elevated (>200) or if a rise in titre can be demonstrated in paired blood samples taken days apart.
The antibody levels begin to rise after 1 to 3 weeks of strep infection, peaks in 3 to 5 weeks and falls back to insignificant levels in 6 months. Values need to be correlated with a clinical diagnosis.
Hope I have answered your query. Let me know if I can assist you further.
Take care
Regards,
Dr AJEET SINGH, General & Family Physician