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Is HIV Transmission Possible Through Unprotected Sex Despite Taking Post-exposure Prophylaxis?

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Posted on Thu, 27 Oct 2016
Question: sir,
I had vaginal intercourse with CSW on july 18, within few min , condom ruptured and i immediately (5-7 seconds) took out penis from vagina and cleaned with soap . Within 72 hours (60 hrs) started with PEP (TENOFOVIR with EMTRICITABINE) once daily. After first dose (after 3 days of exposure) I developed red rashes on lower abdomen, chest, shoulders and arms and it was not permanent , not itchy. Its seen sometimes and vanishes and again visible. Now I am on 22nd of PEP and still rashes coming and going. I am totally depressed and anxious and I am not taking food properly because i read in internet that rashes are specific for HIV. Also i lost around 2kg wait. I did not develop fever, sore throat, muscle pain etc. I have done rapid HIV test, VDRL, HbsAg, anti-HCV before the PEP and also on 21 day of PEP and all came to be negative. I have taken tab acyclovir 1.2 gm and azithral 500mg once daily for 5 days after exposure. I have consulted dermatologist yesterday for rashes and said that it could be due to drug related and advised to take antihistamine (Allegra 180) and lotion. After single dose of allegra and lotion , rashes disappeared. Kindly give suggestion about my health status (whether I am infected by HIV) and when I should do HIV test. I am so worried. Is there any test can be done on completion of PEP (4 weeks mark) to know my HIV status.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (1 hour later)
Brief Answer:
No risk of HIV.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome to HCM.

The risk of contracting HIV from such short single exposure is very less and you had started PEP also within 72 hours then no need to worry much.

The rashes on your body can be due to drug allergy as said by your dermatologist so follow the advice and continue antihistaminic as well as lotion.

You can go for 4th generation HIV Duos test after completion of PEP to confirm your status so don't get scared or anxious and move on in life happily.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Vaishalee Punj
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (46 minutes later)
Thank you for your answers sir.
However, PEP prescribed doctor said that rashes could not be due to drug, because it has to be permanent, not like on and off. Physician (infectious diseases) and dermatologist gave two different opinions, hence so worried sir. One more query- can HIV rash present like what i am having.
Also I lost almost 2-3 kg weight within a span of 22 days.
4th generation HIV Duos test after completion of PEP is confirmatory/reliable?, because my physician said that test has to be done on 3 months mark after exposure to get conclusive result.
I completely lost my normal life with starvation n restricted to room only and searching , searching about HIV symptoms in internet.

Kindly guide me.
Thank you
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (2 hours later)
Brief Answer:
The rash is not XXXXXXX to HIV.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome back and thanks for follow-up.

The rash you have is not due to HIV because the risk is very unlikely. Weight loss might be due to stress or some other reason so don't get worried or tensed.

I totally agree with your physician that to get 100% conclusive result you need to get tested after 3 months of exposure as per routine guidelines but 4th generation Duos after one month is also highly reliable and accurate.

Avoid negative thoughts, stop searching much about HIV and lead normal life as the risk is very remote. For any further query feel free to ask me any time and I am always available here to help you. Wishing you happy and healthy life.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (10 hours later)
thank you for your reassuring answers sir.
Another query sir..
Few doctors said PEP can interfere seroconversion, hence Ag and Ab test will give false negative results on/just after completion of PEP. Because PEP suppresses viral replication, hence Ag (P24) can not be detected. Similarly, Ab will not be produced by immune system as there is no/very minimal virus (Ag) in the body as it is suppressed by PEP. So p24 and Ab test will be negative during the course or just 1 or 2 days after completion of PEP.
Others doctors say never interfere with seroconversion....which is correct sir?. I am totally confused.
U said 4th generation DUO highly reliable and accurate. If it come negative on completion of PEP (going to do on 16.8.16), is there any chance to become positive on 3 month mark?. U ever seen any cases which was negative (4th generation DUO) on completion of PEP (4 weeks after exposure) and became positive on 3 months after exposure. ?
Please guide me sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (29 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
PEP does not interfere with seroconversion.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome back once again.

PEP does not interfere with seroconversion of HIV and it is routine protocol to get tested before, after completion of PEP and again after 3 months so no need to get confused regarding test accuracy.

The risk in your case is very unlikely as such and I have never seen such patient who is negative after completion of PEP and becomes positive after 3 months so be relaxed and allay the fear of HIV.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Nagamani Ng
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (11 hours later)
Thank you for reply and which gives me immense mental support.

My anxiety now become bit low, because of your guidance. U have suggested to do me 4th generation HIV Duos test on completion of PEP (16.8.16), but because of that little bit anxiety I did today evening (25 day after exposure and 23 day of PEP), both HIV 1/2 and P24 combo test were non reactive (actually test has to be done after 5 days).
25 day post exposure result is reliable?/ Can this 5 days difference affect test accuracy?.
Next test when should be done?
What test should be done?- same 4th generation HIV Duos test or any other test?
Is there any chance of changing of above test result after some time?. Please forgive me that I am asking same question again and again.

Thank you sir

doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (2 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
Go for same 4th generation test.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

You can go for same 4th generation Duo test after completion of PEP and there is no chance of result being changed to positive after 25th day negative result so don't get worried and move on in life.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (46 hours later)
Thank u for reassuring guidance sir
Since yesterday, rashes started and it is there on and off sir. I am continuing anti-histaminics and lotion. Also a small lymph node palpable on left side of neck. But no sore throat/fever. I am completing PEP on 16.8.16. Now I am more worried sir.
1. whether I am seroconverting?/infected?
2. Is there any test I can do now?
3. What should I do sir?

Kindly guide me sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (1 hour later)
Brief Answer:
Don't be anxious or worried.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

There is no chance of sero-conversion in your case as you are already taking PEP. The symptoms may be due to allergy or other viral or bacterial infection not HIV. Allay the fear or stress and go for 4th gen Duos test after completion of PEP. Calm down, forget the episode and get back to me again for any further query.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Arnab Banerjee
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (39 hours later)
Thank you for ur answers sir

You said there is no chance of sero-conversion during PEP.
You mean sero-conversion occur after completion of PEP?
Can my negative result change to positive after 1 or 2 months exposure if my symptoms persist beyond the completion of PEP?

pls give suggestion sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (4 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
No it is not possible.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

PEP is 100% protective to prevent the transmission of HIV that is why sero-conversion is not possible and after completion of PEP there is no risk of HIV so it is not possible that your negative result will be positive after one or two months of exposure.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Nagamani Ng
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (2 days later)
Sir
I have completed PEP yesterday and I have done combo/duo test today and became negative.
Rashes are less now.
Now I am having sore throat for 4 days sir and on antibiotics. Symptoms are coming one by one. Please tell me sir whether they are due to hiv. Is hiv developing in my body.
When I should do test?
Thank you sir
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (20 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
They are not due to HIV.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

The symptom of sore throat might be due to some seasonal change or other viral infection not related to HIV so no need to worry. Continue the treatment as per the advice of your physician.

You need to get tested again after 3 months as per routine HIV guidelines nothing else. Be relaxed and move ahead in life happily. If still any doubt left in your mind feel free to ask me any time.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (1 hour later)
Thank u for ur answers sir
Is I am 100 % hiv free or is there any chance of developing hiv within 3 months period without further exposure.
I am this question because I am married and can I start normal life from this point
Thank you sir
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (14 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
You are 100% safe and risk free.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

You are absolutely safe and there is no chance of developing the infection within 3 months without any further exposure so just calm down your self and you can definitely live the life normally.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (7 days later)
Sir,
can I have physical contact with my wife?. U said this result is conclusive and I'm absolutely safe n risk free, then why one more test at 3 months sir.?
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (28 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
It is just for routine protocol.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome to HCM once again.

The result is absolutely conclusive and you are risk free also but the test at 3 months is as per routine HIV guidelines nothing else so don't get feared and you can have physical contact with your wife.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Vaishalee Punj
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (2 hours later)
Thank u sir
U helped me lot in a toughest period of life. That one month and 6 days were my unforgettable days in my life and literally I was living in hell. Thank u so much once again sir. This incident gave me a lesson to understand what is life, wife and precious kid.
Thank u sir
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (7 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
You are most welcome.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome back and thanks for follow-up.

I am really happy to hear that you are feeling much relaxed now and most welcome any time if needed any help. Just calm down, forget the episode and move ahead in life happily with your family.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (2 days later)
Thank you sir
My throat pain partially subsided, but few white areas are seen in posterior pharyngeal wall. Base of tongue also showing few nodules. Can it be fungus sir. Can please suggest some treatment?
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (36 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
It may be due to fungas.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome to HCM once again.

White areas in posterior pharyngeal wall might due to fungus for which you can take anti fungals like fluconazole and it will be fine soon. Don't worry too much and move ahead in life happily.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (52 minutes later)
Thank you sir
why there is fungal infection in mouth sir? Can it be due to hiv?
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (2 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
No it is not due to HIV.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome back and thanks for follow-up.

Fungal infection in the mouth is not related to HIV in your case. It might be due to bad oral hygeine so don't worry, take treatment and you will be fine.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (46 hours later)
sir
I am on T.Flucanozole 150 mg for fungal infection (3rd day). slight improvement is there. Now I have mild dry cough. What to do sir? Again stress level going up. I have done combo test after 43 days of exposure (13 days after PEP) and came negative.

Is am really free from HIV?
Whether HIV 2 develop later as antibody formation delayed by PEP?
Is there any test which is reliable now to exclude both HIV 1 and 2 ?

I could not concentrate on any work.
Please advise me sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (12 hours later)
Brief Answer:
You are absolutely free from HIV.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

PEP is definitely protective and the test result after 43days is also negative then you are absolutely not at risk of HIV. HIV2 is very uncommon in XXXXXXX as it is found mostly in West XXXXXXX so don't worry.

Avoid taking too much of stress as it also hampers your health. Dry cough is seasonal or might be due to stress so just relax, forget about the incidence and move ahead in life happily with your family.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Priyanka G Raj
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (34 hours later)
Thank you for your answer sir
The exposure was happened in XXXXXXX and I read that incidence of HIV 2 is 0.5 % in XXXXXXX I am having symptoms one by one. That's what I am asking sir.
Is there any test to rule out hiv2 conclusively after two weeks of PEP?. Just for mental relaxation sir.

Kindly guide me sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (43 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
You can go for HIV2 RNA PCR.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

You can go for HIV2 RNA PCR but it is veru costly and only few labs are doing these investigations as it is not common in XXXXXXX Allay the fear or anxiety related to HIV because you are not at risk.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Vaishalee Punj
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (45 hours later)
Thank you sir
I have uploaded few photos of tongue. Please see them whether they are fungal coating or anything else?. Few small nodules also seen in base of the tongue.

Kindly give your opinion sir

Thank you sir
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (59 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
It will be fine with treatment.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

It is fungal infection nothing else and it will recover with medicines which you are taking so be relaxed, avoid stress or tension and move ahead in life.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Yogesh D
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (1 hour later)
Thank you sir
I never had this infection in oral cavity so far. In internet I read that its due to low immunity (HIV/cancer).
I believe that I dont have cancer. Oral hygiene also good.
But why I having this sir?.
Please tell me frankly whether I am infected?/ Is there chance to get HIV?
For how long I should take fluconazole ?

still I am worried sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (10 hours later)
Brief Answer:
You are not infected.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

You are absolutely free from HIV and no chance of getting it in any way. You have to take fluconazole only till your infection subsides which can be due to other reasons also apart from HIV or cancer so don't get worried and forget about the incidence.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Priyanka G Raj
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (5 days later)
sir
I have done HIV2 RNA PCR qualitative test 21 days after PEP (54 days after exposure) and showed not detected. I have done HIV duo test 24 days after PEP [59 days (8 weeks) after exposure] and became negative. I have uploaded above mentioned reports. kindly see it sir.

a) HIV2 RNA PCR qualitative test 21 days after PEP is 100% conclusive? / Is I am 100% free from HIV2? Report says <100 IU/ml can not be detected. What does it mean?
b) duo test also negative. Is I am 100% free from HIV1?
c) Is HIV1 RNA PCR qualitative test necessary with in 3 months?
d) should I again retest with duo test at 3 months?

please give suggestion sir
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (1 hour later)
Brief Answer:
You are 100% free from HIV 1&2.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome to HCM.

HIV2 RNA PCR and HIV Duo test both are negative after 8 weeks of exposure and you had also taken PEP then nothing to worry because you are 100% safe and risk free from HIV so just calm down.

As such no further testing is required but to relieve your anxiety and also as per routine HIV guidelines go for 4th generation Duos test after 3 months. For any further query feel free to ask me any time.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Raju A.T
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (48 hours later)
Thank you sir
In HCM, I read that duo test is not superior than HIV1 PCR in detection of HIV1.

a) Is there any minor chance of not detecting infection with duo test and which can be picked up by HIV1 PCR?
a) Is my duo test is conclusive after 8 weeks? Asking because I confused after reading that post.
c) Can I go for HIV1 PCR?
d) Waiting one more month to retest is killing sir.
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (43 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
Nothing like that.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome back and thanks for follow-up.

There is no chance that HIV remains undetected by Duos test if person is HIV positive and it is also conclusive at 8 weeks. Both Duos and HIV PCR tests are equally reliable so you can go for any one. Don't get feared or tensed because you are absolutely safe and risk free.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (48 hours later)
Thank you sir
I have done both HIV1 & 2 RNA PCR qualitative test after 8 weeks of exposure ( 3 weeks after completion of PEP) and came to be NOT DETECTED.

In the report of HIV2 PCR, they mentioned as
''Please note the change of upgradation in methodology and improved unit of detection''
''This test has been developed and its performance is validated at Metropolis Healthcare Ltd''
''All the results should be correlated with clinical status and history of the patient''

what does it mean sir?
Should I recheck again after 3 months?



doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (8 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
No need to go for repeat testing.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXX,

Welcome to HCM once again.

It is just routine report writing method nothing else because every report should be correlated with the history and clinical condition of the patient. Result for RNA PCR is negative so you are 100% safe and no need to go for repeat testing so just calm down, forget the incidence and move on in life happily.

Thank You
Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
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Follow up: Dr. Sunil Jangid (23 hours later)
Thank you sir
I almost relieved from anxiety and stress sir. I forgot to mention that there is an small lymph node either side of neck (subcentral LN) and painless ulcers on either side of tongue after throat infection. these LN and ulcers are still persisting. I took azithral 500mg for 5 days, B complex tabs and not responding. Another small lymphnode noted in submental area 2 days back sir. No LN in groin/axilla.

What to do sir?
Can it be due to HIV?
doctor
Answered by Dr. Sunil Jangid (48 minutes later)
Brief Answer:
Not related to HIV.

Detailed Answer:
Dear XXXXXX,

Enlarged lymphnode and painless ulcers on tongue might be due to some other infection most likely is TB. Consult your physician to isolate the cause, get done X-ray chest or other investigations and follow the treatment regime. Allay the fear related to HIV and move ahead in life happily with your family.

Thank You
Note: Get personalized answers to your HIV related queries You can choose to talk face to face with your doctor. Book a Video Call now.

Above answer was peer-reviewed by : Dr. Prasad
doctor
Answered by
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Dr. Sunil Jangid

HIV AIDS Specialist

Practicing since :2009

Answered : 2017 Questions

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Is HIV Transmission Possible Through Unprotected Sex Despite Taking Post-exposure Prophylaxis?

Brief Answer: No risk of HIV. Detailed Answer: Dear XXXXX, Welcome to HCM. The risk of contracting HIV from such short single exposure is very less and you had started PEP also within 72 hours then no need to worry much. The rashes on your body can be due to drug allergy as said by your dermatologist so follow the advice and continue antihistaminic as well as lotion. You can go for 4th generation HIV Duos test after completion of PEP to confirm your status so don't get scared or anxious and move on in life happily. Thank You