Traumatic brain injury ( TBI ), also known as intracranial injury , occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain . TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism ( closed or penetrating head injury ), or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area). Head injury usually refers to TBI, but is a broader category because it can involve damage to structures other than the brain, such as the scalp and skull. TBI is a major cause of death and disability worldwide , especially in children and young adults. Causes include falls, vehicle accidents, and violence. Prevention measures include use of technology to protect those suffering from automobile accidents, such as seat belts and sports or motorcycle helmets, as well as efforts to reduce the number of automobile accidents, such as safety education programs and enforcement of traffic laws. Brain trauma can be caused by a direct impact or by acceleration alone. In addition to the damage caused at the moment of injury, brain trauma causes secondary injury , a variety of events that take place in the minutes and days following the injury. These processes, which include alterations in cerebral blood flow and the pressure within the skull , contribute substantially to the damage from the initial injury. TBI can cause a host of physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral effects, and outcome can range from complete recovery to permanent disability or death. The 20th century saw critical developments in diagnosis and treatment that decreased death rates and improved outcome. These include imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging . Depending on the injury, treatment required may be minimal or may include interventions such as medications and emergency surgery. Physical therapy , speech therapy , recreation therapy , and occupational therapy may be employed for rehabilitation.
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Premium Questions (15)
due to a car accident I had a traumatic injury (no open wounds) to the left side of my head. when I had balance testing done recomended by the ENT doctor for the dizziness and imbalance I notice a numb feeling over...
My 10 year old daughter has a mole under her chin on her neck. It has started to become raised. Is the cause for concern?
Dear dr. XXXXXXX
a month ago you answered my question. I will try to remind you by short explanation. Due to occasional pain of CIDP I used to hit my head with my hand. Maybe now you would remember.
Finaly I...
Dear doctor,
Last week, I had imbalance problem with mild giddiness. I already have sinus problem and I am taking nasal sprays (fluticone). My neuro specialist ordered MRI brain , mra angiogram and venogram,...
My daughter who is 14 was in a car accident and experienced a concussion. No scalp fracture but hit her head on the window (no laserations) and then the front of her head on the driver's shoulder. It was a t-bone...
My husband had a TBI (brain trauma) 4 years ago. He recovered well, but for last few years he has blocked & runny nose and nothing seems to work.I was wondering if it can be related to his brain injury and what should...
Do I have a brain injury?
Hi, my name is XXXXXXX I am 19 years old. I am asking for your opinion on my situation for my own piece of mind. My situation is as follows; I had 4 wisdom teeth removed 7 months ago (under general anaesthesia and a...
My daughter received a concussion dec of 2011 and still has post concussion syndrome with pressure and burning of the eyes, dizziness and balance issue. What treatment would you suggest? It is hard for her to read...
I sustained a concussion from getting hit in the head with a baseball in May 2012. I had slurred speech, trouble concentrating and focusing. My husband says I have a very short temper, which is totally out of...
I am going to be 48 years old. I used to be 5'7-1/2 in college and now I measured at 5'6" at the doctor's office. Is this an issue that I lost so much height ?
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Online Doctor Chat (26) - Traumatic brain injury
User : hi
Doctor : helllo
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User : i have been punched below the ribs and it hurts when i eat or drink till im full....
User : my urine is orange
Doctor : ok
Doctor : u first get an ultrasound abdomen done to rule...
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please proceed with your health query
User : One of my very close relative had a motor cycle accident on 23rd November 2009. He is diagnosed to have been suffered from Diffused Axonal...
User : hi
Doctor : Hi
User : I am suffering from backace
Doctor : Since how long?
User : 2 yrs
Doctor : Is it upper or lower back?
User : upper
User : and now legs also stars paining all the time
Doctor : Is it middle or side of the...
Doctor : Hi,
User : hi
User : my girlfriend has a concussion and pressure behind her right eye, enough to be making it bulge, she refuses to let me take her to a doctor, what can I do to help her.
Doctor : When did the incident happen ?
User :...
User : This is for my son, a 7 year old male who suffered a TBI last June. He is starting to have what I would call small siezures every now and then. He is on Keppra and baclofen. He suffered a severe acceleration/deceleration injury with a...
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Public Forum (77) - Traumatic brain injury
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My wife and i recently tried having sex during her menstruation . After which i developed itching over my penis head with tiny/small red patches that looked like hematomas. There is however no pain , or blisters or anything else. I m not sure if this is anything i should be worried about. And what this might be or is there someone out there with...
Hi. I faced planted onto my dining room chair a week and a half ago, knocking myself out and with a pretty nasty head laceration. I ended up being transported to the ER via ambulance, which I don t remember, and wok in the ER an hour or so later. Doctors stated I had a concussion and used dermabond to close the cut. I recovered at home last...
my son had a TBI oct 2011. he has had 5 craniectomy, cranioplasties. Has continued with severe pain. Dec 5 he had a Breezmont procedure and coranoid ectomy to release the temporalis muscle. He has had significant increase in jaw movement and decreased swelling and pain in the temporal area. however, just several days ago the pain became severe...
3 Answers
My boyfriend recieved his second concussion in the last year playing football. The first one was a 2 on a scale of 3 (3 being the worst). The more recent one was two days ago, and he blacked out momentarily afterwards. He has had constant headaches and difficulty walking. Last night he wet the bed which he has not done since he was a child....
1 Answer
Hi I have recently suffer from a head injury i which a weight bar hit my head on full impact as someone was lifting it. it has been almost 24 since the injury and the swelling has gone down but in the very center there seems to be a soft spot whereas the rest of the bump is hard. I was wondering is this anything to be worried about and if so...
1 Answer
I was treated with FALSIGO injection for a severe attack of Plasmodium Falsiparum Malaria . The injections were given twice daily from 25th January, 2012 afternoon to 29th January, 2012 morning. And Tab. Mefloquine 250mg was administered twice daily for 3 days from 28-01-2012 to 30-01-2012. The diagnosis was delayed though the fever and chills...
1 Answer
I have lower back problem for last 2 months. I was advised me to take some physiotherapy treatment and to make some lifestyle changes such as no forward bending, not much of walking etc. I also took medicines advised by a doctor . Despite all these I am not getting much relief .
2 Answers
we already give the treatment of physiotherapy 2-3 years to babies.How long should we give the treatment of physiotherapy.pls suggest
1 Answer
can any one tell me more about physiotherapy?
1 Answer
i have a friend who is a 7 on the coma scale and the swelling in his brain has gone down and the brain tube was taking out. He is going in and out of breathing on his own. he is two weeks out from the accident. what are his chances of coming out. one thing he reacts two right now is pain. i just want to get a better answer then what the doctors...
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