Ok, here s the key point: the reactive part of the brain..that immediately responds to threats, that puts emotion and direction onto a situation works 3 to 10 times faster than the thinking part. This reactive part of the brain is entirely shared in structure and function among mammals. Basically, if it doesn t work in dog training it won t work on addiction. Several things work at the 20% to 50% rate while going it alone has a lower success rate: 1) 12 step programs (putting the dog into a herd of dogs is a training method) 2) Substitution (methadone or suboxone or perhaps blockers such as naloxone. The blocker William BUrroughs used is not generally available and only by prescription). Also avoiding people, contexts, drugs and drug assisting items (paraphenalia) is helpful.