Hi and welcome to HCM. The most common cause for a kidney transplant is end-stage kidney failure (due to diabetes, uncontrolled blood pressure and glomerulonephritis which is an inflammation in the filtering units of the kidney called glomeruli). The disease is first treated with lifestyle changes, medication etc, but if the condition progresses, a kidney transplant will be required. Kidney transplantation is expensive. The costs of an uncomplicated renal transplant event are approximately $100 000 for the first in 90 days of care. CMS is the primary payer for most of kidney transplant patients and though kidney transplantation is cost effective compared to long-term dialysis Regards Dr Santosh