Brief Answer: Get a paternity test done Detailed Answer: Hi, Thanks for the query. I understand your problem. There are some issues that I must clarify here. First is that you ovulated between 12/2 to 12/4. Had sexual episode on 30/11 and 12/1 and 12/2. The only reason for dilemma in this case is that sperm remain viable in the genital tract for upto 36 hours but may remain upto even 72 hours. So this creates an overlap period between the two episodes and ovulation. You have not mentioned the date of the last menstrual period and how ovulation was detected. This would help me. In my personal opinion the chances of pregnancy with the sexual episode during ovulation are much higher. Also if ejaculation was not there with the first episode so the chances of conception are negligible. Having said that, it is difficult to predict ovulation until it is actually observed by ultrasonography as rest of the findings are subject to variation and also affected by menstrual cycle length. The second person is most likely the father. However it is not possible to be 100% sure about this based on speculations. The best confirmation will be obtained by doing a paternity test. This can be done using amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and another method called non invasive prenatal testing during pregnancy itself. It may also be done after delivery, as the risks to the baby would be minimized. The genetic pattern of the fathers [even one possible father would do] would be tested and compared with that of the baby. Other tests are blood group analysis [cheaper but not always conclusive]. So I suggest that you get the paternity testing done to sort out these issues and have a clear knowledge. Hope this was helpful. Thanks for using HCM. Feel free to ask any more questions that you may have. Dr Madhuri Bagde Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist

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Brief Answer: Chances are less with this first sexual episode. Detailed Answer: Thanks for the follow up, It seems that you had sex on day 10-11 after the first day of the menses. Chances of ovulation are low during this part, but not zero. Chances are maximum on days 12-18 with regular 28 days cycle. So chances of pregnancy are low with this episode especially with no ejaculation. Even then paternity testing would be the best way to confirm things. I understand your situation and the need to know about things. But at this point of time, I can comment only on the chances and it is not possible to be sure absolutely sure. I hope that this satisfies your query. I will be very happy to answer any further queries. Thanks once more and have a safe pregnancy. Dr Madhuri

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Brief Answer: ultrasound is suggestive not conclusive Detailed Answer: Hi, First let me clarify about the ultrasound reports. Your last period was on 11/20. The ultrasound was done on 1/15. The gestation or duration of pregnancy on that day is exactly 8 weeks [56 days] from the date of your last menstrual period. This has been showing on the ultrasound. It is most likely that you ovulated on 2nd or 3rd of January. I must clarify that ultrasound is used to detect pregnancy and predict dates. It does this with a fair amount of accuracy. There is always a margin of + /- one week in a first trimester ultrasound. If two people do it on the same patient using different machines, this much difference is expected, If one person does it on two women with similar gestation, still there may be a difference in gestational age. If one women is tested on two machines on the same day, results may vary. So, for us as obstetricians this difference is expected and understood. This is the reason that paternity cannot be predicted by gestational age of the baby in days if the difference in sexual contact days is so small and very near the ovulation period. There are two main factors that indicate that pregnancy may have been from the second episode, first is that the contact occurred closer to likely date of ovualtion and also there was ejaculation, whereas the first episode of contact was slightly closer to ovulation and there was no ejaculation. So the chances of pregnancy due to second contact are higher. About luteal phase: Menstrual cycle has three main phases: follicular phase; begins form early part just after or the last few days of menses till ovulation. luteal phase; begins from ovulation till the next menstrual cycle menstrual phase; is during menses. Usually the duration of follicular phase varies in females, but the duration of the luteal phase is fixed for 14 days after ovulation. This is the reason that we say that ovulation may occur on any day between 12-18 in a cycle. But the menses will follow 14 days after ovulation. So it may be possible that you ovulated early or late. We can only predict this as we have not seen the actual process of ovulation happening on a certain day by sonography [ we do this for some women with infertility]. Regarding paternity testing: This is most accurate and gold standard. It actually sees if the chromosomes of father match with those of the baby. Chromosomes contain the genes that we transfer to our children. So they are inherited from the real father only. I do understand your situation. Please do not worry so much. Unfortunately it is not always possible to determine things without testing. I may speculate and suggest possibilities but the actual result of testing will only help reveal the true situation. Hope that this helped in satisfying your queries. I am always here to help you out. Please feel free to ask any more doubts. Take care. Dr Madhuri

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Brief Answer: It may contain sperms in specific situation Detailed Answer: Thanks for the follow up. The precum normally does not contain any sperms. It comes from a different gland and not the testis where sperms are produced. The chance when sperms may be present in the precum is when a person has ejaculated and sperms are present in the urethra. Normally urine flushes these out. But if there has not been any urination after ejaculation and another sexual episode is there, the precum may contain sperms. Hope this satisfies your query. I am always here for any further queries. Dr Madhuri Bagde

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