Calcium supplements

Calcium supplements are mainly given in women having osteoporosis. Dose 1000-1500 milligrams per day.

Vitamin D supplements

Vitamin D supplements are recommended if the dietary intake is not sufficient.

Calcium and Vitamin D supplements help in preventing bone loss. It should not be used if they are allergic to calcium, vitamin D toxicity, and elevated calcium concentration in the blood.

Side effects of calcium: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, kidney stones

Estrogen therapy

Estrogen therapy It can be given as oral tablets or capsules or as trans dermal skin patches.  It decreases the bone loss.

Biphosphonates

Biphosphonates are used like Alendronate (Fosamax), ibandronate (Boniva) and risedronate are used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Calcium when given along with Biphosphonates improves the action of Biphosphonates.

Side effects of Biphosphonates are abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, esophageal ulcer, bloating in the stomach.

Miacalcin (nasal calcitonin)

Miacalcin (nasal calcitonin): These are calcitonins used for osteoporosis treatment. These are hormones which increase the calcium stores in the bone and helps in elimination of calcium stores in bone.

Slow fluoride

Slow fluoride taken in combination with Citracal (calcium citrate)

Parathyroid hormone derivatives

Parathyroid hormone derivatives like Teriparatide. It increases the calcium levels in the blood. It stimulates the bone formation.

Raloxifen

Raloxifen: Raloxifene is a selective estrogen modulator. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. It helps in preserving the bone density.

Side effects of Raloxifene are chest pain, difficulty in breathing, Blood while coughing, headache, blurring of vision.