Main objectives of diet modifications for hypertension are:

• To maintain adequate nutrition.
• To reduce the sodium intake.
• To achieve a gradual weight loss in overweight individuals and maintain their weight slightly below normal weight.
• To restrict fat depending on the lipid profile.
  

Dietary considerations

Energy: Energy needs to be restricted in case of overweight individuals. Therefore, the energy intake should be adjusted in such a way so as to bring about a weight loss and maintain slightly below the normal level.

Proteins: A normal protein intake is suggested.

Carbohydrates: Include foods high in complex carbohydrates such as starches and dietary fibre rather than simple sugars.

Fats: The quantity of fat should be reduced. Also, it is important to check the quality of fat. Fats should be of plant origin including soya oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil and corn oil. Fats from animal origin such as ghee, butter etc. should be restricted.

Sodium: Sodium restriction along with weight reduction is effective in controlling mild to moderate hypertension. Therefore, use of salt for cooking and also for table purpose should be restricted.

Other minerals: Potassium and calcium rich foods need to be included as it is beneficial in the treatment of hypertension.

Note :

• Diet is more or less normal.
• Salt needs to be restricted.
• Some foods rich in potassium but low in sodium are potatoes, banana, apricots and legumes, which can be included in the diet.
• Restrict fried and fatty foods.
• Restrict alcohol intake.